Post-secondary institutions
In Canada, post-secondary institutions are divided into two major types. The university provides academic and professional training, and research leading to degrees (BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD, etc.). The community college offers certificate and diploma programs in career and vocational training. College-level institutions may also be known as colleges of applied arts and technology, technology institutes. Academic transfers from community colleges to universities are sometimes possible. In Québec, collèges d’enseignement général et professionnel (cégeps) offer two types of program: vocational programs are 3 years, and pre-university programs are 2 years. With over 90 degree-granting institutions and 200 community colleges in Canada, deciding where to study in Canada will take time and some patience.
There are also several university colleges, which straddle the line between universities and colleges. They offer selected undergraduate (bachelor’s) programs but not graduate (master’s and doctoral) programs, as well as college programs.
There is no formal ranking of institutions in Canada. They are remarkably uniform in quality across the country.
The academic year generally runs from September to April. Spring and summer courses are available in most cases. Some institutions operate on a semester or trimester system which allows them to accept students to begin studies in September, January or May. University undergraduate programs normally last three to five years, while community colleges offer programs ranging from one to three years.
English and French are Canada’s two official languages. At most universities and colleges, instruction is in one of the two languages, although a few use both. Students applying for admission must satisfy the institution’s language proficiency requirements in the language of instruction. You should inquire at the time of application if a language proficiency test is required, and ask about the procedures for taking the test.
Distance education
A host of educational institutions and organizations across Canada provide distance education and training courses. One of the pioneers and leaders in the field of borderless learning is Athabasca University in Alberta, established in 1970. Another institution that concentrates on distance education is the Open Learning Agency in British Columbia. A specialist in this field in Québec is the Télé-université of the Université du Quebec.
Another barrier-free school leader is the Canadian Virtual University, a creation of a group of chartered Canadian universities offering degrees and diplomas, online and via distance education, and with a selection that includes over 200 complete programs and over 2,000 courses in English and French. Furthermore, credits earned at any partner university can be applied to a CVU program as long as the course meets the program requirement.
Career colleges
In addition to the country’s degree-granting institutions and community colleges, Canada is home to hundreds of privately run career colleges that provide training and certification to adult students in various skills, such as automotive service, electronics, retail management, and child care and animal care, through daytime, evening and weekend courses.
Information on career colleges across Canada can be obtained through the National Association of Career Colleges.
Academic credit recognition and equivalencies
Each university and college in Canada sets its own admission requirements and its own criteria for recognizing academic qualifications obtained abroad. In addition, each campus admissions office has information about requirements for translation and authentication of any documents required for admission.
International students can also consult one of several evaluation services across Canada to obtain an assessment on how academic credentials obtained outside Canada compare with credentials recognized in a Canadian province or territory. Keep in mind these agencies charge a fee and their evaluations are only conducted in an advisory capacity and do not guarantee recognition of credentials for purposes of admission to a Canadian post-secondary institution.
Therefore, it is important that you verify with the academic institution that you plan to attend whether it will accept an assessment done by one of these services.
A list of evaluation services is available from the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials.
Studying English or French as a second language in Canada
Over 60 universities and colleges in Canada and numerous private schools run English and French language programs through the regular academic year as well as during the summer. These help prepare international students for entrance into post-secondary studies.
A list of institutions that offer the courses is available from the Department of Canadian Heritage and Languages Canada.
Have some questions?
For a list of questions you may want to ask potential schools, universities, or colleges click here.
Ministries of Education
Students interested in elementary and secondary level education may obtain information on public school boards and a list of private schools by contacting the provincial and territorial ministries of education.
Surveys and rankings
Once a year, Maclean’s does an independent review of Canadian universities, programs, and students. Are you interested to know how Canadian universities rank nationally? Would you like to know what students have to say about their Canadian education experience? Visit Maclean’s On Campus for the answers to these questions.